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Kilimanjaro Temperature: A Complete Guide to Weather & Climate on Africa’s Highest Peak

Kilimanjaro Temperature

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Reading time : 8 min

Outline

Introduction

Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), experiences extreme temperature variations due to its altitude and location near the equator. Climbers pass through five climate zones, each with its own unique temperature patterns. Understanding Kilimanjaro’s temperature and weather conditions is essential for preparing the right clothing and gear

Overview of Kilimanjaro’s Climate Zones & Temperatures

Mount Kilimanjaro’s temperature varies depending on altitude, time of day, and season. The climb begins in a warm rainforest and ends in Arctic-like conditions at the summit.

Climate ZoneAltitudeTemperature Range
Rainforest Zone800 – 3,000 m (2,600 – 9,800 ft)15 – 25°C (59 – 77°F)
Heath & Moorland3,000 – 4,000 m (9,800 – 13,100 ft)5 – 15°C (41 – 59°F)
Alpine Desert4,000 – 5,000 m (13,100 – 16,400 ft)-5 – 10°C (23 – 50°F)
Arctic Summit Zone5,000 – 5,895 m (16,400 – 19,341 ft)-20 – 0°C (-4 – 32°F)

As climbers ascend, temperatures drop rapidly, and the summit can be freezing cold year-round.

Temperature & Climate in Kilimanjaro’s Five Zones

1. Rainforest Zone (800 – 3,000 m / 2,600 – 9,800 ft)

  • Temperature: 15 – 25°C (59 – 77°F)
  • Climate: Warm, humid, and rainy
  • Description: This lower section of the mountain is lush and green, with dense forests, streams, and wildlife. It experiences high humidity and frequent rainfall, especially from March to May and November to December.
  • Clothing Tips: Wear light, breathable clothing, but carry a rain jacket due to possible showers.

2. Heath & Moorland Zone (3,000 – 4,000 m / 9,800 – 13,100 ft)

  • Temperature:

    5 – 15°C (41 – 59°F)
  • Climate: Cooler, drier, with occasional mist
  • Description: The landscape becomes rockier and less dense, with shrubs and giant lobelia plants. Nights begin to feel cooler, and the air becomes drier with less oxygen.
  • Clothing Tips: Wear a warm fleece and moisture-wicking layers for cool mornings and evenings.

3. Alpine Desert Zone (4,000 – 5,000 m / 13,100 – 16,400 ft)

  • Temperature: -5 – 10°C (23 – 50°F)
  • Climate: Dry, windy, with intense sun during the day and cold nights
  • Description: Vegetation disappears, leaving a barren desert-like terrain. Days can be warm due to direct sunlight, but temperatures drop rapidly at night. The thin air makes physical exertion harder.
  • Clothing Tips: Wear sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen) during the day and a warm insulated jacket at night.

4. Arctic Summit Zone (5,000 – 5,895 m / 16,400 – 19,341 ft)

  • Temperature: -20 – 0°C (-4 – 32°F)
  • Climate: Freezing, dry, and windy with little oxygen
  • Description: This is the coldest and harshest part of Kilimanjaro. The summit has glaciers, ice fields, and strong winds. Oxygen levels are 50% lower than at sea level, making it difficult to breathe.
  • Clothing Tips: Wear thermal layers, a down jacket, gloves, a hat, and insulated boots to stay warm.

Allow up to 10 days for your visa application to be processed, so apply well in advance.

  • If your travel is last-minute, you can obtain your visa upon arrival at the airport.
  • Note: Applications should not be submitted more than 3 months prior to your travel dates. Applying too early could lead to complications.

Seasonal Temperatures on Kilimanjaro

While Kilimanjaro is climbable year-round, the temperature and weather vary by season.

Dry Seasons (Best Climbing Months)

  • January – March
    • Warmest months with clearer skies
    • Less crowded routes
    • Cold temperatures at the summit, but not as extreme as later in the year
  • June – October
    • Peak climbing season with the most stable weather
    • Colder summit temperatures (can drop below -20°C / -4°F)

Wet Seasons (More Challenging Climbs)

  • March – May (Long Rains)
    • Heavy rainfall, especially in the rainforest zone
    • Trails can be muddy and slippery
    • Colder summit conditions
  • November – December (Short Rains)
    • Lighter rains but still unpredictable weather
    • Fewer climbers, making it a quieter experience

How to Prepare for Kilimanjaro’s Temperatures

1. Layering System for Clothing

Kilimanjaro temperatures can change drastically within a few hours. Layering is key to adjusting to the conditions:

  • Base Layer (Moisture-Wicking): Helps keep sweat away
  • Mid Layer (Insulation): Fleece or down jacket for warmth
  • Outer Layer (Waterproof & Windproof): Protects against rain and wind

2. Essential Gear for Kilimanjaro’s Cold Summit

  • Thermal base layers (for warmth at high altitudes)
  • Down jacket (for summit night)
  • Warm gloves and socks (to prevent frostbite)
  • Balaclava or wool hat (for wind protection)
  • Good-quality hiking boots (insulated for cold conditions)

3. Protecting Against the Sun

Even in cold temperatures, Kilimanjaro’s high altitude means strong UV rays. Pack:

  • Sunglasses (UV protection)
  • Hat with a brim
  • High SPF sunscreen

What to Expect on Kilimanjaro

Expect warm, humid conditions in the rainforest and freezing cold at the summit.

Temperatures drop rapidly as you climb higher.

Weather can change unpredictably, so pack layers and waterproof gear.

Choose the right season for your climb, as wet seasons can be challenging.

Conclusion

With the right preparation, climbing Kilimanjaro is an unforgettable experience—but being ready for its extreme temperatures is crucial for a safe and enjoyable trek

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